Savannah Monitor: Care Guide & Species Profile including Diet, Habitat, Tank Setup

Savannah monitors, or Varanus exanthematicus, are captivating reptiles that are native to the savannas and grasslands of central Africa. Known for their intelligence and friendly nature, these lizards have become popular pets among reptile enthusiasts. In this comprehensive care guide, we will discuss everything you need to know about Savannah monitor care, including their diet, habitat, tank setup, and more.

1. Introduction to Savannah Monitors

Savannah monitors are medium-sized lizards belonging to the Varanidae family. Their natural habitat includes savannas, grasslands, open forests, rocky areas, and woodlands. Due to their size and dietary requirements, the care level for this species is considered intermediate. They are better suited for individuals who have prior experience with other lizards, such as bearded dragons or geckos. Savannah monitors are not ideal pets for those short on space or time, as they require a considerable amount of attention and a large enclosure.

2. Savannah Monitor Appearance and Size

Savannah monitors have a stocky, stout appearance compared to their arboreal and aquatic relatives. They are ground-dwelling lizards with short necks and tails. Their head and limbs are squared and muscular, which enables them to dig efficiently. Savannah monitors typically have coloration in shades of tan, brown, and gray with pale spots over their back.

Adult Savannah monitors can reach a size of 48 to 60 inches in length. It is essential to ensure that their enclosure is large enough to accommodate their size and provide ample space for them to move around and explore.

3. Savannah Monitor Temperament and Behavior

Savannah monitors are considered one of the mildest-mannered species of monitors, making them a popular choice among reptile keepers. They are known for their intelligence and can develop strong bonds with their owners. However, it is essential to remember that these lizards are still wild animals and can exhibit defensive behaviors such as hissing, snapping, or tail-whipping when they feel threatened.

Regular handling and interaction are necessary to develop trust with your Savannah monitor. It is crucial to approach them with confidence and avoid sudden movements that may startle them. Over time, your pet will become accustomed to your presence and scent, allowing for a strong bond to form between you and your reptile.

4. Choosing a Healthy Savannah Monitor

When deciding to purchase a Savannah monitor, you should consider whether you want a captive-born, wild-caught, or captive-farmed individual. Wild-caught lizards may be more affordable but are more likely to carry parasites and diseases. In contrast, captive-born Savannah monitors are typically healthier and more ethically sourced, although they may be more expensive.

A baby Savannah monitor will cost you between $20 to $40, depending on the seller and the origin of the animal. Adult individuals of pet or breeding quality typically have a higher price. It is crucial to choose a reputable breeder or seller to ensure that you are getting a healthy pet.

5. Savannah Monitor Diet and Feeding

5.1 Diet Composition

At least 75% of a Savannah monitor’s diet should consist of a variety of insects and other invertebrates. The remaining 25% can include rodents, eggs, chicks, meat, or commercial reptile foods. It is essential to monitor your lizard’s weight and adjust its diet accordingly to prevent obesity.

Feeding a large lizard like a Savannah monitor can be costly and time-consuming. Many monitor keepers find it more affordable to breed their colony of feeder insects to use as the base diet. This also ensures that your reptile’s food is raised healthily and humanely.

5.2 Feeding Frequency

The feeding frequency of Savannah monitors varies depending on their age. Young and sub-adult Savannah monitors should receive food five to seven times a week, while adult monitors can be fed as often as once a day to as little as two to three times a week. Adjust the feeding frequency based on your lizard’s body condition and weight.

6. Savannah Monitor Habitat and Tank Setup

6.1 Enclosure Size

A hatchling Savannah monitor requires a minimum enclosure size of 36″ x 24″ x 20″, while an adult monitor needs a minimum enclosure size of 6′ x 5′ x 4′. It is beneficial to start with a smaller enclosure for a baby monitor and transition to a larger enclosure as they grow. This approach makes it easier to manage temperature zones, humidity, and lighting setup.

6.2 Enclosure Types

Due to their large size, custom-built enclosures are often necessary for Savannah monitors. Commercial aquariums typically do not meet the minimum dimensions needed for an adult Savannah monitor. Enclosures can be constructed from wood, plastic, glass, acrylic, wire, or a combination of these materials. Proper ventilation is crucial for maintaining a healthy environment within the enclosure.

7. Temperature and Lighting Requirements for Savannah Monitor

Savannah monitors require high temperatures to digest their food and thermoregulate. The basking area should reach temperatures between 100°F and 130°F. The cool side of the enclosure should maintain a temperature range of 75°F to 80°F. Nighttime temperatures should not dip below 72°F. If they do, additional heating sources, such as an under-tank heating pad, cable, or tape, may be necessary.

UVB lighting is recommended, as it provides additional health benefits for your Savannah monitor. UVB lights should be left on for 10 to 12 hours a day and replaced every six months.

8. Humidity and Substrate for Savannah Monitor

Savannah monitors require a humidity level between 40% and 60%. A hygrometer can be used to monitor the humidity levels within the enclosure. Provide a large, non-porous water dish filled with fresh water for your lizard to drink from and possibly soak in.

The substrate should be loose and light, allowing your Savannah monitor to dig and burrow. Suitable substrates include cypress mulch, organic potting soil, coconut fiber, and reptile-safe sand. However, loose substrates can pose an impaction risk. If you prefer not to use loose particle substrate, alternatives such as newspaper, butcher block paper, or outdoor carpeting can be used.

9. Savannah Monitor Health Concerns

Savannah monitors can face several health concerns, including obesity, metabolic bone disease, burns, and external and internal parasites. Providing a balanced diet, proper calcium supplementation, UVB lighting, and a well-maintained environment can help minimize these risks.

If your Savannah monitor displays any signs of illness, such as lethargy, abnormal stools, loss of appetite, or vomiting, consult with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care.

10. Handling and Bonding Savannah Monitor

Handling and bonding are essential aspects of Savannah monitor care. Daily contact and handling can help to build trust and form a strong bond between you and your reptile. When handling your Savannah monitor, provide support under their chest and hind limbs.

Always be aware of your Savannah monitor’s mood and behavior. If they display signs of aggression or stress, avoid handling them until they are more comfortable. Regular interaction and patience will lead to a trusting and affectionate bond with your pet.

11. Conclusion

In conclusion, Savannah monitors can make great pets for experienced reptile keepers who are willing to invest time, effort, and resources into their care. By providing a proper diet, spacious enclosure, and regular interaction, you can raise a happy and healthy Savannah monitor that will be a loyal companion for years to come.